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ISR leaves the orebody in place - no tailings, no waste rock.\nFlorence Copper produced first cathode in February 2026, the world’s first greenfield commercial-scale ISR copper operation.\nChalcopyrite holds roughly 70% of global copper reserves, and remains the major prize that ISR is yet to unlock.\n\nDissolving the Copper Is the Easy Part\nThe constraint is the ground. ISR depends on moving leach solution through the orebody under controlled conditions, yet many deposits have low permeability and complex fracture networks. Gangue can consume acid, precipitation can restrict flow and heterogeneity can cause solutions to bypass ore. The frontier is not just better chemistry - it is moving fluid through complex rock and proving where it went.\nThe Collaboration Proof Point\nFirst-of-a-kind field trials are hard for juniors to fund alone. At Kapunda, Commonwealth CRC-P funding helped EnviroCopper, CSIRO and the University of Adelaide de-risk the science; BHP then funded a 90-day in-ground lixiviant trial to prove ISR under field conditions - government, research, a major and a specialist, each carrying a different part of the risk.\nInnovation Spotlight — Mining Without Digging\nHorizon 1 — Available\n\nCommercial ISR is real: Florence Copper began cathode production in February 2026, targeting 30 - 35 million pounds this year and 85 million at capacity.\nAustralia’s proof of concept: a BHP-supported lixiviant trial ran at EnviroCopper’s Kapunda project into early 2026.\nOxides and SX/EW: where copper sits in permeable, fractured oxide zones, solution mining plus solvent extraction can deliver LME Grade A cathode on site.\n\nHorizon 2 — Evolving\n\nCracking the sulphides: Jetti, Ceibo and Rio Tinto’s Nuton are demonstrating leaching chalcopyrite in heaps today - the chemistry in-situ methods need next.\nGentler lixiviants: glycine and other benign reagents, with ion exchange and membrane recovery, to cut acid load and risk.\nModelling as licence to operate: reactive-transport models, tracer testing and real-time hydraulic control could turn a trial into a mining lease.\n\nHorizon 3 — Emerging\n\nElectrokinetic ISR - the permeability breakthrough: electric fields carry solution through rock that pressure alone cannot. Lab work on intact porphyry has recovered over 90% of the copper.\nAustralian science, commercialising now: UWA and CSIRO pioneered EK-ISL; Perth-based Ekion is taking it toward the field.\nThe waste case is the real prize: electrification can slash copper’s carbon footprint, but it does not eliminate the waste. EK-ISR changes both.\n\nWho Is Solving It?\n\n\n\nCategory\nOrganisations\n\n\n\nOperators & Projects\nTaseko (Florence Copper) · BHP · Rio Tinto Nuton · Alligator Energy\n\n\nAustralian Innovators\nEnviroCopper · Ekion · Mining3 · Thor Energy\n\n\nTechnology Providers\nJetti Resources · Ceibo · Endolith · Metso\n\n\nResearch & Enablers\nCSIRO · UWA · Curtin · DTU Denmark · SA Dept for Energy\n\n\n","text":"# The Mine You Cannot See\n\n## In-Situ Recovery — Did You Know?\n\n1. Crushing and grinding consume **30 - 40% of a copper site’s energy**. In-situ recovery removes the step entirely.\n2. Across every ore grade modelled, in-situ recovery has **the lowest energy intensity** of any copper processing route.\n3. Mine waste is **the single largest waste stream on Earth by mass**. ISR leaves the orebody in place - no tailings, no waste rock.\n4. Florence Copper produced first cathode in **February 2026**, the world’s first greenfield commercial-scale ISR copper operation.\n5. Chalcopyrite holds roughly **70% of global copper reserves**, and remains the major prize that ISR is yet to unlock.\n\n## Dissolving the Copper Is the Easy Part\n\nThe constraint is the ground. ISR depends on moving leach solution through the orebody under controlled conditions, yet many deposits have low permeability and complex fracture networks. Gangue can consume acid, precipitation can restrict flow and heterogeneity can cause solutions to bypass ore. The frontier is not just better chemistry - it is moving fluid through complex rock and proving where it went.\n\n## The Collaboration Proof Point\n\nFirst-of-a-kind field trials are hard for juniors to fund alone. At Kapunda, Commonwealth CRC-P funding helped EnviroCopper, CSIRO and the University of Adelaide de-risk the science; BHP then funded a 90-day in-ground lixiviant trial to prove ISR under field conditions - government, research, a major and a specialist, each carrying a different part of the risk.\n\n## Innovation Spotlight — Mining Without Digging\n\n### Horizon 1 — Available\n\n- **Commercial ISR is real:** Florence Copper began cathode production in February 2026, targeting 30 - 35 million pounds this year and 85 million at capacity.\n- **Australia’s proof of concept:** a BHP-supported lixiviant trial ran at EnviroCopper’s Kapunda project into early 2026.\n- **Oxides and SX/EW:** where copper sits in permeable, fractured oxide zones, solution mining plus solvent extraction can deliver LME Grade A cathode on site.\n\n### Horizon 2 — Evolving\n\n- **Cracking the sulphides:** Jetti, Ceibo and Rio Tinto’s Nuton are demonstrating leaching chalcopyrite in heaps today - the chemistry in-situ methods need next.\n- **Gentler lixiviants:** glycine and other benign reagents, with ion exchange and membrane recovery, to cut acid load and risk.\n- **Modelling as licence to operate:** reactive-transport models, tracer testing and real-time hydraulic control could turn a trial into a mining lease.\n\n### Horizon 3 — Emerging\n\n- **Electrokinetic ISR - the permeability breakthrough:** electric fields carry solution through rock that pressure alone cannot. Lab work on intact porphyry has recovered over 90% of the copper.\n- **Australian science, commercialising now:** UWA and CSIRO pioneered EK-ISL; Perth-based Ekion is taking it toward the field.\n- **The waste case is the real prize:** electrification can slash copper’s carbon footprint, but it does not eliminate the waste. EK-ISR changes both.\n\n## Who Is Solving It?\n\n| Category | Organisations |\n|---|---|\n| **Operators & Projects** | [Taseko (Florence Copper)](https://florencecopper.com/about/) · [BHP](https://www.envirocopper.com.au/kapunda-isr-project) · [Rio Tinto Nuton](https://nuton.tech/technologies/) · [Alligator Energy](https://alligatorenergy.com.au/activity-updates/r6Q7Ge-alligators-samphire-reaches-final-construction-phases) |\n| **Australian Innovators** | [EnviroCopper](https://www.envirocopper.com.au/kapunda-isr-project) · [Ekion](https://ekion.com.au/) · [Mining3](https://www.mining3.com/sandpit/in-place-mining) · [Thor Energy](https://thorenergyplc.com/projects/alford-copper-projects/) |\n| **Technology Providers** | [Jetti Resources](https://www.jettiresources.com/our-technology) · [Ceibo](https://www.ceibo.tech/technologies/) · [Endolith](https://www.endolithmining.com/) · [Metso](https://www.metso.com/metals-refining/hydrometallurgy/solvent-extraction/) |\n| **Research & Enablers** | [CSIRO](https://www.csiro.au/en/research/production/materials/Insitu-recovery) · [UWA](https://www.uwa.edu.au/schools/earth-sciences/mining-without-digging) · [Curtin](https://www.mining3.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/In-Situ-Factsheet_V3.pdf.pdf) · [DTU Denmark](https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/electrokinetic-techniques-in-subsurface-applications/) · [SA Dept for Energy](https://www.energymining.sa.gov.au/industry/minerals-and-mining/mining/major-projects-and-mining-activities/in-situ-recovery-ISR-mining) |\n"},"openGraph":{"title":null,"description":{"plain":"The next mine leaves the rock in place. Florence Copper proved commercial ISR in oxides this year. The frontier is moving fluid through complex rock. Sulphide-capable chemistry is being demonstrated in heaps, and electrokinetics can carry solution where pressure cannot. No pit, no waste rock, and a fraction of the energy.\n"},"image":{"thumbnails":{"full":{"url":"https://res.cloudinary.com/shapeable/image/upload/v1790835365/copper-connect/banner/a-mine-you-cannot-see_image__a_mine_you_cannot_see_emd24z.webp"}}}},"intro":{"plain":"The next mine leaves the rock in place. Florence Copper proved commercial ISR in oxides this year. The frontier is moving fluid through complex rock. Sulphide-capable chemistry is being demonstrated in heaps, and electrokinetics can carry solution where pressure cannot. No pit, no waste rock, and a fraction of the energy.\n","text":"**The next mine leaves the rock in place.** Florence Copper proved commercial ISR in oxides this year. The frontier is moving fluid through complex rock. Sulphide-capable chemistry is being demonstrated in heaps, and electrokinetics can carry solution where pressure cannot. No pit, no waste rock, and a fraction of the energy."},"outro":{"id":"6abdfb2bc816e426b86a1120_outro","text":""},"videos":[],"imageAssets":[],"organisations":[],"people":[],"embeds":{"citations":[],"pages":[],"people":[],"imageAssets":[]},"banners":[{"id":"6abdfaaac816e426b86a111d","name":"A mine you cannot 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ConnectOre is committed to protecting the privacy of its stakeholders, communities, and other contacts.\n\n## Scope\n\nThis privacy policy applies to all personal data processed by full-time and part-time employees, volunteers when acting on behalf of ConnectOre contractors and partners doing business on behalf of ConnectOre, as well as all legal entities, all operating locations in all countries, and all business processes conducted by ConnectOre.\n\n## Information Collected\n\n#### What information do we collect?\n\nConnectOre collects the following personal data in line with the use purposes explained in a subsequent section:\n\n  * Your name and contact details\n  * Online profile data/usage\n  * Contact information\n  * Social media profile information\n  * Education and professional information\n  * Registration and participation in ConnectOre events and activities \n  * Information about service usage\n  * Cookies\n  * Authentication data\n  * Location information\n  * Author and peer review information\n  * Other information you upload or provide to us\n\n#### How do we use your information?\n\nConnectOre uses (and, where specified, shares) your personal information for the following purposes:\n\n  * To provide support or other services. ConnectOre may use your personal information to provide you with support or other services that you have ordered or requested. ConnectOre may also use your personal information to respond directly to your requests for information, including registrations for webinars, or other specific requests, or pass your contact information to the appropriate ConnectOre supplier or reseller for further follow-up related to your interests.\n  * To provide information based on your needs and respond to your requests. ConnectOre may use your personal information to provide you with notices of new product releases and service developments.\n  * To administer products. ConnectOre may contact you if you make use of (digital) products we offer, to confirm certain information (for example, that you did not experience problems in a download process). We may also use this information to confirm compliance with licensing and other terms of use and may share it with your company/institution.\n  * To assist in your participation in ConnectOre activities. ConnectOre will communicate with you, if you are participating in certain ConnectOre activities such as ConnectOre Summit, authoring or reviewing a ConnectOre article, or ConnectOre humanitarian activities. ConnectOre may send you information such as update messages related to those activities (such as but not limited to the event's content, and event logistics)\n  * To update you on relevant ConnectOre events and opportunities. ConnectOre may communicate with you regarding relevant ConnectOre events and opportunities.\n  * To protect ConnectOre content and services. We may use your information to prevent potentially illegal activities and to enforce our terms and conditions.\n  * To get feedback or input from you. In order to deliver products and services of most interest to our stakeholders, from time to time, we may ask you to provide us input and feedback (for example through surveys).\n\n#### How can you control your information?\n\nYou can control the information we have about you and how we use as follows:\n\n  * If you are a registered guest for ConnectOre Annual Summit 2021, any request for review, revise or correction of your personal data can be sent to john.fennell@copper.com.au specifying your request.\n\n#### Personal data about minors and children\n\nConnectOre does not knowingly collect data from or about children under 16 without the permission of parent(s)/guardian(s). If we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under 16, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under age 16, please contact us.\n\n#### How will you know if the Privacy Policy is changed?\n\nConnectOre may update its Privacy Policy from time to time. If we make any material changes you will be notified by means of a notice on our website prior on the date the change becomes effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.\n\n## Technical And Regulatory Information\n\n#### Logging practices\n\nConnectOre automatically records the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of visitors. The IP address is a unique number assigned to every computer on the internet. Generally, an IP address changes each time you connect to the internet (it is a \"dynamic\" address). Note, however, that if you have a broadband connection, depending on your individual circumstance, the IP address that we collect may contain information that could be deemed identifiable. This is because, with some broadband connections, your IP address doesn't change (it is \"static\") and could be associated with your personal computer.\n\nAs well as recording the IP addresses of users, ConnectOre may also keep track of sites that users visited immediately prior to visiting ConnectOre's website and the search terms they used to find it. We keep track of the pages visited on ConnectOre's website, the amount of time spent on those pages and the types of searches done on them. Your searches remain confidential and anonymous. ConnectOre uses this information only for statistical purposes to find out which pages users find most useful and to improve the website.\nConnectOre also captures and stores information that you transmit. This may include:\n\n  * Browser/Device type/version\n  * Operating system used\n  * Media Access Control (MAC) address\n  * Date and time of the server request\n  * Volume of data transferred\n\n#### External links behaviour\n\nSome of the links on ConnectOre's websites link to other sites created and maintained by other public- and/or private-sector organizations. ConnectOre provides these links solely for your information and convenience. When you transfer to an outside website, you are leaving ConnectOre domain, and ConnectOre's information management policies no longer apply. ConnectOre encourages you to read the privacy statement of each external website that you visit before you provide any personal data.\n\n#### Cookies and web beacons\n\nCookies and web beacons are electronic placeholders that are placed on your device by websites to track your individual movements on that website over time. ConnectOre uses both session-based cookies (which last only for the duration of the user's session) and persistent cookies (which remain on your device and provide information about the session you are in and waits for the next time you use that site again).\n\nThese cookies and web beacons provide useful information to ConnectOre, enabling us to recognize repeat users, facilitate the user's access to and use of our sites, allows us to track usage behavior, and to balance the usage of our websites on all ConnectOre web servers.\nTracking cookies, third-party cookies, and other technologies such as web beacons may be used to process additional information, enable non-core functionalities on ConnectOre website and enable third-party functions (such as a social media \"share\" link). We may also include web beacons and other similar technology in promotional email messages to determine whether the messages have been opened.\n\n#### Do Not Track (DNT)\n\nThe online advertising industry has self-regulatory initiatives designed to provide consumers a choice in the types of ads they may see online and to conveniently opt-out from online behavioral ads served by some or all of the companies participating in these programs. Our websites do not respond to DNT consumer browser settings.\n\n#### Responses to legal requests\n\nConnectOre reserves the right to share your information to respond to duly authorized information requests of governmental authorities or where required by law.\n\n#### Your data rights\n\nConnectOre complies with all applicable data privacy laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Under these laws and regulations, you may have certain rights to your data. Should you wish to exercise any of these rights, please send an email request to john.fennell@copper.com.au with \"Data Privacy Request'' in the subject line and in the email please identify the specific privacy right you request assistance with. Please note additional information may be requested prior to fulfilling a request and that ConnectOre reserves the right to charge a fee, where permitted, to cover the cost of certain requests.\n\n#### How do I contact you if there is an issue?\nIf you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or about the use of your personal information, please feel free to contact us by email at john.fennell@copper.com.au"},"welcomeUrl":"https://connectore.org/app/welcome","welcomeTitle":"Welcome to ConnectOre and thanks for joining us! 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