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Done well, emission reporting underpins the sector’s social licence, protects access to capital and demonstrates the industry’s contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.2\nDoing it well, however, is not straightforward. Producers must navigate inconsistencies across standards, uncertainty over the depth of information to report, and multiple overlapping frameworks and reporting requirements that vary across jurisdictions. Technological limitations add to the challenge: data availability, verification and monitoring are difficult in complex operating environments, where pre-determined emission factors and poor interoperability between equipment data systems persist.2\nWhat makes this moment strategically distinct is the pace of consolidation and regulation. Since the International Copper Association Australia (ICAA) Roadmap to Zero - Ventilation and Emission Reporting Report was published, the landscape has shifted decisively: the ISSB’s IFRS S1 and S2 standards have become the global baseline and are now adopted, voluntarily or mandatorily, in 28 jurisdictions3 Australia’s mandatory climate-related financial disclosure regime commenced on 1 January 20254 the GRI 14 Mining Sector Standard took effect for reporting on 1 January 20265 and the industry’s four leading voluntary standards, The Copper Mark, ICMM’s Mining Principles, Towards Sustainable Mining and the Responsible Gold Mining Principles are being consolidated into a single global mining standard.6 The challenge for producers is to report once, credibly, and have it count everywhere?\n\n\nFigure 1.\\ Emission reporting for copper producers is consolidating around a global baseline and moving from voluntary practice to mandatory, assured disclosure.\nEmission reporting at a glance\nFramework maturity across three horizons: established accounting and disclosure standards underpin today’s reporting; a wave of consolidation and mandatory regimes defines the near term; while nature-related disclosure, natural capital accounting and harmonised product-level carbon accounting are emerging.\n\n\n\nH1  Established\nLeading frameworks  GHG Protocol  corporate and value-chain (Scope 3) standards; ISO 14064 series  quantification and verification; GRI Universal and Topic Standards; CDP  disclosure; national schemes such as Australia’s NGER; ICMM Scope 3 Emissions  Accounting and Reporting Guidance.  Representative  frameworks and players  GHG Protocol  (WRI/WBCSD), ISO, GRI/GSSB, CDP, Clean Energy Regulator, ICMM, SBTi.\n\n\n\nH2  Consolidating\nLeading frameworks  ISSB IFRS S1/S2 as the global baseline (absorbing TCFD and SASB)  and jurisdictional adoptions such as Australia’s AASB S2; GRI 14 Mining  Sector Standard (effective 1 January 2026); The Copper Mark assurance  framework and Chain of Custody; the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative  (CMSI).  Representative frameworks and players  IFRS Foundation/ISSB, AASB and Treasury, GRI, The Copper Mark,  ICMM, Mining Association of Canada (TSM), World Gold Council.\n\n\nH3  Emerging\nLeading frameworks  Nature-related  disclosure (TNFD and proposed ISSB nature standards); natural capital  accounting (SEEA, Natural Capital Protocol); harmonised product-level carbon  accounting for mineral supply chains (COMET); digital emissions benchmarking  and traceability tools (CRU Emissions Analysis Tool, chain-of-custody digital  platforms).  Representative  frameworks and players  TNFD, ISSB, UN SEEA,  Capitals Coalition, COMET (MIT/Columbia/RMI), CRU, CSIRO, METS and ESG-data  innovators.\n\n\nTop of Mind for Mining Executives\nExecutives are no longer debating whether emission reporting matters, but how to meet proliferating obligations efficiently, credibly and without duplicating effort. Several themes feature across the agenda.\n\nThe reporting burden is real and recognised. Benchmarking of 42 copper producers for the Roadmap to Zero found a wide spread of frameworks in use. Notably GRI, TCFD, SASB and the ICMM principles were preferred, with companies citing inconsistency, overlap and duplication risk. Varying formats, measurement methodologies, definitions, assurance requirements and reporting periods place a significant burden on companies’ ability to report.2\nThe voluntary-to-mandatory shift is now live in Australia. Under AASB S2, Group 1 entities began reporting for periods commencing 1 January 2025, with the first sustainability reports lodged in early 2026; Group 2 follows from 1 July 2026 and Group 3 from 1 July 2027. Scope 3 disclosure becomes mandatory from the second reporting year, and assurance requirements escalate to reasonable assurance by the early 2030s.4\nScope 3 dominates the emissions profile. Value chain emissions can account for up to 95 per cent of a mining company’s total emissions. ICMM’s Scope 3 Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidance (2023) and companion Target Setting Guidance provide the sector-specific playbook, and ICMM members are required to disclose Scope 1 and 2 emissions annually and set reduction targets at the corporate level.7 8\nTargets remain uneven across the sector. The Roadmap to Zero benchmark found almost half of surveyed producers had no stated emissions targets; of those with targets, most covered Scope 1 and 2, 38 per cent had announced net zero targets (largely 2050), and less than a third had mine-site level data available, the granularity now required by GRI 14 and The Copper Mark.2\nAssurance and greenwashing risk are rising up the agenda. The proliferation of verification frameworks can fuel greenwashing concerns and increase exposure for companies reporting against multiple, inconsistent frameworks. Mandatory regimes bring director-level liability, making data quality, boundary definitions and independent assurance board-level issues.2 4\nJurisdictional divergence cuts both ways. While the ISSB baseline spreads – with Chile, Mexico and Qatar mandating ISSB-aligned reporting from 2026 – the United States SEC has proposed rescinding its climate disclosure rules entirely, and the EU’s Omnibus package has substantially narrowed the scope of the CSRD. Multi-jurisdiction producers must plan for a patchwork, anchored to the global baseline.3 9 10\n\n\n\nFigure 3.\\ Target-setting maturity varies widely across copper producers; harmonised, mine-site level reporting is the emerging expectation.\nThe Reporting Landscape - What Has Changed\nThe Roadmap to Zero Report catalogued the key frameworks relevant to upstream copper production, notably the GHG Protocol, GRI, ICMM principles, CDP, TCFD, SBTi, ISO 14064, NGER, ISSB, TSM, SASB and TNFD.2 The architecture has since simplified and hardened in four important ways.\n\nThe ISSB baseline has absorbed TCFD and SASB. With the TCFD dissolved in late 2023 and its recommendations integrated into IFRS S2, and the SASB standards maintained under the ISSB, the fragmented voluntary landscape anticipated by the Report is consolidating. As of April 2026, 28 jurisdictions have adopted the ISSB standards on a voluntary or mandatory basis, with a further 12 planning to, collectively representing well over half of global GDP.3\nAustralia has legislated mandatory climate disclosure. The Treasury Laws Amendment (Financial Market Infrastructure and Other Measures) Act 2024 embedded AASB S2 climate statements in the Corporations Act, phased across three groups from 1 January 2025. This operates alongside NGER and the reformed Safeguard Mechanism, which continues to apply declining Scope 1 baselines to facilities emitting more than 100,000 tonnes CO2-eq – squarely capturing large copper operations.4 11\nGRI 14 sets the sector benchmark for impact reporting. Published in February 2024 and effective for reporting from 1 January 2026, the GRI 14 Mining Sector Standard covers 25 topics, with GHG emissions and climate adaptation at the top of the list. This requires mine-site level reporting, sharpening the granularity expectation flagged in the Report’s benchmarking. Version 1.1, published in January 2026, aligns GRI 14 with the revised GRI 102 Climate Change and GRI 103 Energy topic standards.5\nNature is next. The TNFD recommendations are being taken up by early adopters, the ISSB has announced it will propose nature-related disclosure requirements to complement IFRS S1 and S2, and natural capital accounting pilots. BHP’s Beenup pilot with CSIRO and partners, point to the mining sector requiring its own set of natural capital accounts.2 3 12\n\nCase Study – The Copper Mark: from copper assurance to a global mining standard\nThe Copper Mark® is the leading voluntary assurance framework for responsible practices across the copper, molybdenum, nickel and zinc value chains. Launched in 2020, it independently assesses sites against 33 environmental, social and governance criteria – including greenhouse gas emissions under Criteria 15, underpinned by Responsible Minerals Initiative recommendations – with results published site by site.2 13 Around 40 per cent of the world’s mined copper now comes from Copper Mark-assured sites.13 14 15\nThe framework has also matured. Since 2024, participants have been assessed against version 3.0 of the Risk Readiness Assessment Criteria Guide. This is mandatory for all participants from 1 January 2025 and the criteria has extended coverage beyond copper to molybdenum, nickel and zinc.16 On emissions specifically, the Copper Mark’s partnership with CRU integrates assurance status into CRU’s Emissions Analysis Tool, enabling standardised, like-for-like benchmarking of greenhouse gas intensity across hundreds of copper-producing assets and process steps.2 17\nThe most consequential development is the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative (CMSI). The Copper Mark, ICMM, the Mining Association of Canada and the World Gold Council are consolidating their four standards into a single global responsible mining standard with a multi-stakeholder oversight system. A draft standard of 24 Performance Areas with requirements tiered from “Towards Good Practice” to “Leading Practice” has been shaped by two rounds of public consultation, the second closing in November 2025, following ISEAL’s Codes of Good Practice. The Copper Mark itself is evolving into the independent entity that will govern the consolidated standard, expanding its board to 17 members with equal participation of industry and stakeholder representatives, with the final Standard, Assurance Process and Claims Policy ready for implementation throughout 2026.6, 14, 18\nOnce adopted by existing ICMM, WGC and MAC members and Copper Mark participants, the consolidated standard is expected to cover almost 100 mining companies across approximately 600 operations in around 60 countries, the widest coverage of any voluntary mining standard to date, and a direct answer to the harmonisation challenge identified in the Roadmap to Zero Report. For copper producers, the lesson mirrors that of the broader innovation landscape: no single operator or standard-setter can solve the fragmented reporting setting alone; consolidation, consistent criteria and shared assurance de-risk the reporting task for everyone.6 18\n\n\nFigure 4.\\ The Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative brings four leading voluntary standards into one global framework governed by a multi-stakeholder board.\nThe Pulse of Policymakers\nPolicymakers set the pace of emission reporting through both disclosure mandates and carbon signals, and jurisdictional approaches across the major copper-producing countries continue to diverge. Australia now pairs NGER and the reformed Safeguard Mechanism with declining baselines, Safeguard Mechanism Credits and a trajectory consistent with the 43 per cent 2030 target and net zero by 2050, with mandatory AASB S2 climate statements carrying civil penalties for directors.4 11 Chile, the world’s largest copper producer, has moved from its Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Framework Laws to mandating ISSB-aligned disclosure from 2026, while Peru requires listed companies to publish sustainability reports and the DRC remains reliant on conditional NDC commitments with limited domestic reporting infrastructure.2 3 In the United States, the SEC has proposed rescinding its climate disclosure rules in their entirety, although state-level regimes (such as California’s) continue. This leaves multi-jurisdiction producers to reconcile the world’s most stringent and most permissive settings simultaneously.9 10\nAcross jurisdictions, the highest-leverage policy moves remain those identified in the Roadmap to Zero Report: supporting a clear, sector-specific definition of reporting boundaries; standardising quantitative measurement (calculation methods, emission factors and direct measurement); establishing relevant sector-specific KPIs; and building a consistent review and assurance process.2 The ISSB baseline, GRI 14 and the CMSI each advance this agenda, but interoperability between them, and with national schemes such as NGER, is where policymakers and standard-setters can do the most to cut duplication without diluting rigour.\nConclusion\nEmission reporting has moved from the periphery of copper production to a central area of commercial strategy. Recent development includes: consolidation around a global baseline, mandatory disclosure with escalating assurance, mine-site granularity, and value-chain (Scope 3) coverage. The frameworks catalogued in the Roadmap to Zero Report have not multiplied, they have converged, and hardened into law in key jurisdictions including Australia.\nThe implications for industry leaders are practical. Treat emission reporting as financial-grade disclosure, with the same data governance, controls and assurance readiness as the annual accounts. Anchor to the global baseline ISSB-aligned reporting to satisfy the widest set of obligations, and use GRI 14 to meet impact and mine-site expectations. Engage with the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative now, since one credible assurance outcome that counts across four legacy standards is the single biggest efficiency gain on offer. Close the Scope 3 gap using ICMM’s accounting and target-setting guidance before regulators close it for you. And invest in the digital systems, emissions benchmarking, chain of custody and interoperable site data, that turn reporting from a compliance cost into a source of trust, market access and premium positioning. The producers who treat emission reporting as a system-level capability, not an annual publishing exercise, will be best placed to supply the world’s most critical electrification metal in a low-carbon future.\nAbout\nConnectOre is an industry-wide collaboration to unlock innovation, advance responsible practices, and tackle mining industry challenges that are beyond the scope of any single organisation.\nGet Involved\nhttps://connectore.org/\nSources\n1  IEA, 2021, The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions.\n2  International Copper Association Australia (ICAA), Roadmap to Zero - Ventilation and Emission Reporting Report (Emission Impact Theme).\n3  S&amp;P Global Sustainable1, 2026, Where does the world stand on ISSB adoption? (May 2026 update).\n4  Australian Accounting Standards Board / Treasury, AASB S2 Climate-related Disclosures; PwC Australia, 2026, AASB S2 unpacked: how did Australia’s Group 1 climate reporting fare?.\n5  GRI, 2024, GRI 14: Mining Sector 2024 (effective 1 January 2026; V1.1 published January 2026).\n6  Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative (The Copper Mark, ICMM, Mining Association of Canada, World Gold Council).\n7  ICMM, 2023, Scope 3 Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidance.\n8  ICMM, 2023, Scope 3 Emissions Target Setting Guidance.\n9  US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2026, SEC Proposes Rescission of Climate-Related Disclosure Rules (Release No. 33-11421).\n10  Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School, 2026, Climate Disclosure in Retreat (EU Omnibus Directive (EU) 2026/470 and CSRD scope changes).\n11  Clean Energy Regulator, Safeguard Mechanism.\n12  Meney et al, 2023, Natural capital accounting for the mining sector: Beenup site pilot case study (BHP, CRC TiME, CSIRO and partners).\n13  The Copper Mark, Participants and Partners; Standards (Risk Readiness Assessment Criteria Guide; Chain of Custody Standard).\n14  MINING.COM, October 2025, Copper Mark to unify ESG standards for metal producers.\n15  Global Mining Review, 2024, The Copper Mark reaches 100 participating sites; Aurubis, 2026, Aurubis Italia becomes first site in Italy to be awarded The Copper Mark.\n16  The Copper Mark, Core Documents for the Standards (RRA Criteria Guide 3.0 transition timeline).\n17  The Copper Mark, Copper Mark’s assurance framework incorporated into CRU’s Emissions Analysis Tool.\n18  Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative, Frequently Asked Questions (final consultation 8 October - 17 November 2025; implementation in 2026).\n","text":"# Introduction\n\nThe International Energy Agency (IEA) highlights the critical role of minerals in the clean energy transition, and with it the necessity to effectively manage the environmental and social impacts of mineral development, including significant greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from energy-intensive mining and processing.[1](https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions) For copper, the essential electrification metal, understanding and managing these impacts requires robust and transparent reporting: baselines, target setting, tracking and disclosure. Done well, emission reporting underpins the sector’s social licence, protects access to capital and demonstrates the industry’s contribution to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.[2](https://copper.com.au/)\n\nDoing it well, however, is not straightforward. Producers must navigate inconsistencies across standards, uncertainty over the depth of information to report, and multiple overlapping frameworks and reporting requirements that vary across jurisdictions. Technological limitations add to the challenge: data availability, verification and monitoring are difficult in complex operating environments, where pre-determined emission factors and poor interoperability between equipment data systems persist.[2](https://copper.com.au/)\n\nWhat makes this moment strategically distinct is the pace of consolidation and regulation. Since the International Copper Association Australia (ICAA) Roadmap to Zero - Ventilation and Emission Reporting Report was published, the landscape has shifted decisively: the ISSB’s IFRS S1 and S2 standards have become the global baseline and are now adopted, voluntarily or mandatorily, in 28 jurisdictions[3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026) Australia’s mandatory climate-related financial disclosure regime commenced on 1 January 2025[4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html) the GRI 14 Mining Sector Standard took effect for reporting on 1 January 2026[5](https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/standards-development/sector-standard-for-mining/) and the industry’s four leading voluntary standards, The Copper Mark, ICMM’s Mining Principles, Towards Sustainable Mining and the Responsible Gold Mining Principles are being consolidated into a single global mining standard.[6](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/) The challenge for producers is to report once, credibly, and have it count everywhere?\n\n<ImageAsset id=\"6acdfe75fcacd151a46ba342\" />\n\n***Figure 1.\\*** *Emission reporting for copper producers is consolidating around a global baseline and moving from voluntary practice to mandatory, assured disclosure.*\n\n# Emission reporting at a glance\n\nFramework maturity across three horizons: established accounting and disclosure standards underpin today’s reporting; a wave of consolidation and mandatory regimes defines the near term; while nature-related disclosure, natural capital accounting and harmonised product-level carbon accounting are emerging.\n\n| **H1**  **Established**   | **Leading frameworks**  GHG Protocol  corporate and value-chain (Scope 3) standards; ISO 14064 series  quantification and verification; GRI Universal and Topic Standards; CDP  disclosure; national schemes such as Australia’s NGER; ICMM Scope 3 Emissions  Accounting and Reporting Guidance.  **Representative  frameworks and players**  GHG Protocol  (WRI/WBCSD), ISO, GRI/GSSB, CDP, Clean Energy Regulator, ICMM, SBTi. |\n| ------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |\n| **H2**  **Consolidating** | **Leading frameworks**  ISSB IFRS S1/S2 as the global baseline (absorbing TCFD and SASB)  and jurisdictional adoptions such as Australia’s AASB S2; GRI 14 Mining  Sector Standard (effective 1 January 2026); The Copper Mark assurance  framework and Chain of Custody; the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative  (CMSI).  **Representative frameworks and players**  IFRS Foundation/ISSB, AASB and Treasury, GRI, The Copper Mark,  ICMM, Mining Association of Canada (TSM), World Gold Council. |\n| **H3**  **Emerging**      | **Leading frameworks**  Nature-related  disclosure (TNFD and proposed ISSB nature standards); natural capital  accounting (SEEA, Natural Capital Protocol); harmonised product-level carbon  accounting for mineral supply chains (COMET); digital emissions benchmarking  and traceability tools (CRU Emissions Analysis Tool, chain-of-custody digital  platforms).  **Representative  frameworks and players**  TNFD, ISSB, UN SEEA,  Capitals Coalition, COMET (MIT/Columbia/RMI), CRU, CSIRO, METS and ESG-data  innovators. |\n\n# Top of Mind for Mining Executives\n\nExecutives are no longer debating whether emission reporting matters, but how to meet proliferating obligations efficiently, credibly and without duplicating effort. Several themes feature across the agenda.\n\n- **The reporting burden is real and recognised.** Benchmarking of 42 copper producers for the Roadmap to Zero found a wide spread of frameworks in use. Notably GRI, TCFD, SASB and the ICMM principles were preferred, with companies citing inconsistency, overlap and duplication risk. Varying formats, measurement methodologies, definitions, assurance requirements and reporting periods place a significant burden on companies’ ability to report.[2](https://copper.com.au/)\n- **The voluntary-to-mandatory shift is now live in Australia.** Under AASB S2, Group 1 entities began reporting for periods commencing 1 January 2025, with the first sustainability reports lodged in early 2026; Group 2 follows from 1 July 2026 and Group 3 from 1 July 2027. Scope 3 disclosure becomes mandatory from the second reporting year, and assurance requirements escalate to reasonable assurance by the early 2030s.[4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html)\n- **Scope 3 dominates the emissions profile.** Value chain emissions can account for up to 95 per cent of a mining company’s total emissions. ICMM’s Scope 3 Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidance (2023) and companion Target Setting Guidance provide the sector-specific playbook, and ICMM members are required to disclose Scope 1 and 2 emissions annually and set reduction targets at the corporate level.[7](https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/news/2023/disclosure-scope-3-emissions) [8](https://www.icmm.com/scope-3-target-setting)\n- **Targets remain uneven across the sector.** The Roadmap to Zero benchmark found almost half of surveyed producers had no stated emissions targets; of those with targets, most covered Scope 1 and 2, 38 per cent had announced net zero targets (largely 2050), and less than a third had mine-site level data available, the granularity now required by GRI 14 and The Copper Mark.[2](https://copper.com.au/)\n- **Assurance and greenwashing risk are rising up the agenda.** The proliferation of verification frameworks can fuel greenwashing concerns and increase exposure for companies reporting against multiple, inconsistent frameworks. Mandatory regimes bring director-level liability, making data quality, boundary definitions and independent assurance board-level issues.[2](https://copper.com.au/) [4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html)\n- **Jurisdictional divergence cuts both ways.** While the ISSB baseline spreads – with Chile, Mexico and Qatar mandating ISSB-aligned reporting from 2026 – the United States SEC has proposed rescinding its climate disclosure rules entirely, and the EU’s Omnibus package has substantially narrowed the scope of the CSRD. Multi-jurisdiction producers must plan for a patchwork, anchored to the global baseline.[3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026) [9](https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-49-sec-proposes-rescission-climate-related-disclosure-rules) [10](https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2026/06/01/climate-disclosure-in-retreat/)\n\n<ImageAsset id=\"6acdfebbfcacd151a46ba345\" />\n\n***Figure 3.\\*** *Target-setting maturity varies widely across copper producers; harmonised, mine-site level reporting is the emerging expectation.*\n\n# The Reporting Landscape - What Has Changed\n\nThe Roadmap to Zero Report catalogued the key frameworks relevant to upstream copper production, notably the GHG Protocol, GRI, ICMM principles, CDP, TCFD, SBTi, ISO 14064, NGER, ISSB, TSM, SASB and TNFD.[2](https://copper.com.au/) The architecture has since simplified and hardened in four important ways.\n\n- **The ISSB baseline has absorbed TCFD and SASB.** With the TCFD dissolved in late 2023 and its recommendations integrated into IFRS S2, and the SASB standards maintained under the ISSB, the fragmented voluntary landscape anticipated by the Report is consolidating. As of April 2026, 28 jurisdictions have adopted the ISSB standards on a voluntary or mandatory basis, with a further 12 planning to, collectively representing well over half of global GDP.[3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026)\n- **Australia has legislated mandatory climate disclosure.** The Treasury Laws Amendment (Financial Market Infrastructure and Other Measures) Act 2024 embedded AASB S2 climate statements in the Corporations Act, phased across three groups from 1 January 2025. This operates alongside NGER and the reformed Safeguard Mechanism, which continues to apply declining Scope 1 baselines to facilities emitting more than 100,000 tonnes CO2-eq – squarely capturing large copper operations.[4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html) [11](https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/schemes/safeguard-mechanism)\n- **GRI 14 sets the sector benchmark for impact reporting.** Published in February 2024 and effective for reporting from 1 January 2026, the GRI 14 Mining Sector Standard covers 25 topics, with GHG emissions and climate adaptation at the top of the list. This requires mine-site level reporting, sharpening the granularity expectation flagged in the Report’s benchmarking. Version 1.1, published in January 2026, aligns GRI 14 with the revised GRI 102 Climate Change and GRI 103 Energy topic standards.[5](https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/standards-development/sector-standard-for-mining/)\n- **Nature is next.** The TNFD recommendations are being taken up by early adopters, the ISSB has announced it will propose nature-related disclosure requirements to complement IFRS S1 and S2, and natural capital accounting pilots. BHP’s Beenup pilot with CSIRO and partners, point to the mining sector requiring its own set of natural capital accounts.[2](https://copper.com.au/) [3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026) [12](https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/environment/2023/230502_bhpbeenuppilotcasestudynaturalcapitalaccountingreport.pdf)\n\n# Case Study – The Copper Mark: from copper assurance to a global mining standard\n\nThe Copper Mark® is the leading voluntary assurance framework for responsible practices across the copper, molybdenum, nickel and zinc value chains. Launched in 2020, it independently assesses sites against 33 environmental, social and governance criteria – including greenhouse gas emissions under Criteria 15, underpinned by Responsible Minerals Initiative recommendations – with results published site by site.[2](https://copper.com.au/) [13](https://coppermark.org/) Around 40 per cent of the world’s mined copper now comes from Copper Mark-assured sites.[13](https://coppermark.org/) [14](https://www.mining.com/copper-mark-to-unify-esg-standards-for-metal-producers/) [15](https://www.globalminingreview.com/mining/31072024/the-copper-mark-reaches-100-participating-sites/)\n\nThe framework has also matured. Since 2024, participants have been assessed against version 3.0 of the Risk Readiness Assessment Criteria Guide. This is mandatory for all participants from 1 January 2025 and the criteria has extended coverage beyond copper to molybdenum, nickel and zinc.[16](https://coppermark.org/standards/core-documents/) On emissions specifically, the Copper Mark’s partnership with CRU integrates assurance status into CRU’s Emissions Analysis Tool, enabling standardised, like-for-like benchmarking of greenhouse gas intensity across hundreds of copper-producing assets and process steps.[2](https://copper.com.au/) [17](https://coppermark.org/copper-marks-assurance-framework-incorporated-into-crus-emissions-analysis-tool/)\n\nThe most consequential development is the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative (CMSI). The Copper Mark, ICMM, the Mining Association of Canada and the World Gold Council are consolidating their four standards into a single global responsible mining standard with a multi-stakeholder oversight system. A draft standard of 24 Performance Areas with requirements tiered from “Towards Good Practice” to “Leading Practice” has been shaped by two rounds of public consultation, the second closing in November 2025, following ISEAL’s Codes of Good Practice. The Copper Mark itself is evolving into the independent entity that will govern the consolidated standard, expanding its board to 17 members with equal participation of industry and stakeholder representatives, with the final Standard, Assurance Process and Claims Policy ready for implementation throughout 2026.6, 14, 18\n\nOnce adopted by existing ICMM, WGC and MAC members and Copper Mark participants, the consolidated standard is expected to cover almost 100 mining companies across approximately 600 operations in around 60 countries, the widest coverage of any voluntary mining standard to date, and a direct answer to the harmonisation challenge identified in the Roadmap to Zero Report. For copper producers, the lesson mirrors that of the broader innovation landscape: no single operator or standard-setter can solve the fragmented reporting setting alone; consolidation, consistent criteria and shared assurance de-risk the reporting task for everyone.[6](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/) [18](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/faqs/)\n\n<ImageAsset id=\"6acdff9afcacd151a46ba348\" />\n\n***Figure 4.\\*** *The Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative brings four leading voluntary standards into one global framework governed by a multi-stakeholder board.*\n\n# The Pulse of Policymakers\n\nPolicymakers set the pace of emission reporting through both disclosure mandates and carbon signals, and jurisdictional approaches across the major copper-producing countries continue to diverge. Australia now pairs NGER and the reformed Safeguard Mechanism with declining baselines, Safeguard Mechanism Credits and a trajectory consistent with the 43 per cent 2030 target and net zero by 2050, with mandatory AASB S2 climate statements carrying civil penalties for directors.[4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html) [11](https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/schemes/safeguard-mechanism) Chile, the world’s largest copper producer, has moved from its Energy Efficiency and Climate Change Framework Laws to mandating ISSB-aligned disclosure from 2026, while Peru requires listed companies to publish sustainability reports and the DRC remains reliant on conditional NDC commitments with limited domestic reporting infrastructure.[2](https://copper.com.au/) [3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026) In the United States, the SEC has proposed rescinding its climate disclosure rules in their entirety, although state-level regimes (such as California’s) continue. This leaves multi-jurisdiction producers to reconcile the world’s most stringent and most permissive settings simultaneously.[9](https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-49-sec-proposes-rescission-climate-related-disclosure-rules) [10](https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2026/06/01/climate-disclosure-in-retreat/)\n\nAcross jurisdictions, the highest-leverage policy moves remain those identified in the Roadmap to Zero Report: supporting a clear, sector-specific definition of reporting boundaries; standardising quantitative measurement (calculation methods, emission factors and direct measurement); establishing relevant sector-specific KPIs; and building a consistent review and assurance process.[2](https://copper.com.au/) The ISSB baseline, GRI 14 and the CMSI each advance this agenda, but interoperability between them, and with national schemes such as NGER, is where policymakers and standard-setters can do the most to cut duplication without diluting rigour.\n\n# Conclusion\n\nEmission reporting has moved from the periphery of copper production to a central area of commercial strategy. Recent development includes: consolidation around a global baseline, mandatory disclosure with escalating assurance, mine-site granularity, and value-chain (Scope 3) coverage. The frameworks catalogued in the Roadmap to Zero Report have not multiplied, they have converged, and hardened into law in key jurisdictions including Australia.\n\nThe implications for industry leaders are practical. Treat emission reporting as financial-grade disclosure, with the same data governance, controls and assurance readiness as the annual accounts. Anchor to the global baseline ISSB-aligned reporting to satisfy the widest set of obligations, and use GRI 14 to meet impact and mine-site expectations. Engage with the Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative now, since one credible assurance outcome that counts across four legacy standards is the single biggest efficiency gain on offer. Close the Scope 3 gap using ICMM’s accounting and target-setting guidance before regulators close it for you. And invest in the digital systems, emissions benchmarking, chain of custody and interoperable site data, that turn reporting from a compliance cost into a source of trust, market access and premium positioning. The producers who treat emission reporting as a system-level capability, not an annual publishing exercise, will be best placed to supply the world’s most critical electrification metal in a low-carbon future.\n\n# About\n\nConnectOre is an industry-wide collaboration to unlock innovation, advance responsible practices, and tackle mining industry challenges that are beyond the scope of any single organisation.\n\n**Get Involved**\n\nhttps://connectore.org/\n\n# Sources\n\n[1](https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions)  IEA, 2021, [The Role of Critical Minerals in Clean Energy Transitions](https://www.iea.org/reports/the-role-of-critical-minerals-in-clean-energy-transitions).\n\n[2](https://copper.com.au/)  International Copper Association Australia (ICAA), [Roadmap to Zero - Ventilation and Emission Reporting Report](https://copper.com.au/) (Emission Impact Theme).\n\n[3](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026)  S&P Global Sustainable1, 2026, [Where does the world stand on ISSB adoption?](https://www.spglobal.com/sustainable1/en/insights/research-reports/issb-q2-2026) (May 2026 update).\n\n[4](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html)  Australian Accounting Standards Board / Treasury, AASB S2 Climate-related Disclosures; PwC Australia, 2026, [AASB S2 unpacked: how did Australia’s Group 1 climate reporting fare?](https://www.pwc.com.au/assurance/sustainability-reporting-and-assurance/aasb-s2-unpacked.html).\n\n[5](https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/standards-development/sector-standard-for-mining/)  GRI, 2024, [GRI 14: Mining Sector 2024](https://www.globalreporting.org/standards/standards-development/sector-standard-for-mining/) (effective 1 January 2026; V1.1 published January 2026).\n\n[6](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/)  [Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/) (The Copper Mark, ICMM, Mining Association of Canada, World Gold Council).\n\n[7](https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/news/2023/disclosure-scope-3-emissions)  ICMM, 2023, [Scope 3 Emissions Accounting and Reporting Guidance](https://www.icmm.com/en-gb/news/2023/disclosure-scope-3-emissions).\n\n[8](https://www.icmm.com/scope-3-target-setting)  ICMM, 2023, [Scope 3 Emissions Target Setting Guidance](https://www.icmm.com/scope-3-target-setting).\n\n[9](https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-49-sec-proposes-rescission-climate-related-disclosure-rules)  US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2026, [SEC Proposes Rescission of Climate-Related Disclosure Rules](https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-49-sec-proposes-rescission-climate-related-disclosure-rules) (Release No. 33-11421).\n\n[10](https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2026/06/01/climate-disclosure-in-retreat/)  Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, Columbia Law School, 2026, [Climate Disclosure in Retreat](https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2026/06/01/climate-disclosure-in-retreat/) (EU Omnibus Directive (EU) 2026/470 and CSRD scope changes).\n\n[11](https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/schemes/safeguard-mechanism)  Clean Energy Regulator, [Safeguard Mechanism](https://www.cleanenergyregulator.gov.au/schemes/safeguard-mechanism).\n\n[12](https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/environment/2023/230502_bhpbeenuppilotcasestudynaturalcapitalaccountingreport.pdf)  Meney et al, 2023, [Natural capital accounting for the mining sector: Beenup site pilot case study](https://www.bhp.com/-/media/documents/environment/2023/230502_bhpbeenuppilotcasestudynaturalcapitalaccountingreport.pdf) (BHP, CRC TiME, CSIRO and partners).\n\n[13](https://coppermark.org/)  The Copper Mark, [Participants and Partners](https://coppermark.org/); Standards (Risk Readiness Assessment Criteria Guide; Chain of Custody Standard).\n\n[14](https://www.mining.com/copper-mark-to-unify-esg-standards-for-metal-producers/)  MINING.COM, October 2025, [Copper Mark to unify ESG standards for metal producers](https://www.mining.com/copper-mark-to-unify-esg-standards-for-metal-producers/).\n\n[15](https://www.globalminingreview.com/mining/31072024/the-copper-mark-reaches-100-participating-sites/)  Global Mining Review, 2024, [The Copper Mark reaches 100 participating sites](https://www.globalminingreview.com/mining/31072024/the-copper-mark-reaches-100-participating-sites/); Aurubis, 2026, Aurubis Italia becomes first site in Italy to be awarded The Copper Mark.\n\n[16](https://coppermark.org/standards/core-documents/)  The Copper Mark, [Core Documents for the Standards](https://coppermark.org/standards/core-documents/) (RRA Criteria Guide 3.0 transition timeline).\n\n[17](https://coppermark.org/copper-marks-assurance-framework-incorporated-into-crus-emissions-analysis-tool/)  The Copper Mark, [Copper Mark’s assurance framework incorporated into CRU’s Emissions Analysis Tool](https://coppermark.org/copper-marks-assurance-framework-incorporated-into-crus-emissions-analysis-tool/).\n\n[18](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/faqs/)  Consolidated Mining Standard Initiative, [Frequently Asked Questions](https://miningstandardinitiative.org/faqs/) (final consultation 8 October - 17 November 2025; implementation in 2026)."},"openGraph":{"title":null,"description":{"plain":"A strategic briefing on the evolving landscape of value chain emission reporting for the copper sector. 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We want to ensure that you get the information, content, and experiences that matter most to you. ConnectOre is committed to protecting the privacy of its stakeholders, communities, and other contacts.\n\n## Scope\n\nThis privacy policy applies to all personal data processed by full-time and part-time employees, volunteers when acting on behalf of ConnectOre contractors and partners doing business on behalf of ConnectOre, as well as all legal entities, all operating locations in all countries, and all business processes conducted by ConnectOre.\n\n## Information Collected\n\n#### What information do we collect?\n\nConnectOre collects the following personal data in line with the use purposes explained in a subsequent section:\n\n  * Your name and contact details\n  * Online profile data/usage\n  * Contact information\n  * Social media profile information\n  * Education and professional information\n  * Registration and participation in ConnectOre events and activities \n  * Information about service usage\n  * Cookies\n  * Authentication data\n  * Location information\n  * Author and peer review information\n  * Other information you upload or provide to us\n\n#### How do we use your information?\n\nConnectOre uses (and, where specified, shares) your personal information for the following purposes:\n\n  * To provide support or other services. ConnectOre may use your personal information to provide you with support or other services that you have ordered or requested. ConnectOre may also use your personal information to respond directly to your requests for information, including registrations for webinars, or other specific requests, or pass your contact information to the appropriate ConnectOre supplier or reseller for further follow-up related to your interests.\n  * To provide information based on your needs and respond to your requests. ConnectOre may use your personal information to provide you with notices of new product releases and service developments.\n  * To administer products. ConnectOre may contact you if you make use of (digital) products we offer, to confirm certain information (for example, that you did not experience problems in a download process). We may also use this information to confirm compliance with licensing and other terms of use and may share it with your company/institution.\n  * To assist in your participation in ConnectOre activities. ConnectOre will communicate with you, if you are participating in certain ConnectOre activities such as ConnectOre Summit, authoring or reviewing a ConnectOre article, or ConnectOre humanitarian activities. ConnectOre may send you information such as update messages related to those activities (such as but not limited to the event's content, and event logistics)\n  * To update you on relevant ConnectOre events and opportunities. ConnectOre may communicate with you regarding relevant ConnectOre events and opportunities.\n  * To protect ConnectOre content and services. We may use your information to prevent potentially illegal activities and to enforce our terms and conditions.\n  * To get feedback or input from you. In order to deliver products and services of most interest to our stakeholders, from time to time, we may ask you to provide us input and feedback (for example through surveys).\n\n#### How can you control your information?\n\nYou can control the information we have about you and how we use as follows:\n\n  * If you are a registered guest for ConnectOre Annual Summit 2021, any request for review, revise or correction of your personal data can be sent to john.fennell@copper.com.au specifying your request.\n\n#### Personal data about minors and children\n\nConnectOre does not knowingly collect data from or about children under 16 without the permission of parent(s)/guardian(s). If we learn that we have collected personal information from a child under 16, we will delete that information as quickly as possible. If you believe that we might have any information from or about a child under age 16, please contact us.\n\n#### How will you know if the Privacy Policy is changed?\n\nConnectOre may update its Privacy Policy from time to time. If we make any material changes you will be notified by means of a notice on our website prior on the date the change becomes effective. We encourage you to periodically review this page for the latest information on our privacy practices.\n\n## Technical And Regulatory Information\n\n#### Logging practices\n\nConnectOre automatically records the Internet Protocol (IP) addresses of visitors. The IP address is a unique number assigned to every computer on the internet. Generally, an IP address changes each time you connect to the internet (it is a \"dynamic\" address). Note, however, that if you have a broadband connection, depending on your individual circumstance, the IP address that we collect may contain information that could be deemed identifiable. This is because, with some broadband connections, your IP address doesn't change (it is \"static\") and could be associated with your personal computer.\n\nAs well as recording the IP addresses of users, ConnectOre may also keep track of sites that users visited immediately prior to visiting ConnectOre's website and the search terms they used to find it. We keep track of the pages visited on ConnectOre's website, the amount of time spent on those pages and the types of searches done on them. Your searches remain confidential and anonymous. ConnectOre uses this information only for statistical purposes to find out which pages users find most useful and to improve the website.\nConnectOre also captures and stores information that you transmit. This may include:\n\n  * Browser/Device type/version\n  * Operating system used\n  * Media Access Control (MAC) address\n  * Date and time of the server request\n  * Volume of data transferred\n\n#### External links behaviour\n\nSome of the links on ConnectOre's websites link to other sites created and maintained by other public- and/or private-sector organizations. ConnectOre provides these links solely for your information and convenience. When you transfer to an outside website, you are leaving ConnectOre domain, and ConnectOre's information management policies no longer apply. ConnectOre encourages you to read the privacy statement of each external website that you visit before you provide any personal data.\n\n#### Cookies and web beacons\n\nCookies and web beacons are electronic placeholders that are placed on your device by websites to track your individual movements on that website over time. ConnectOre uses both session-based cookies (which last only for the duration of the user's session) and persistent cookies (which remain on your device and provide information about the session you are in and waits for the next time you use that site again).\n\nThese cookies and web beacons provide useful information to ConnectOre, enabling us to recognize repeat users, facilitate the user's access to and use of our sites, allows us to track usage behavior, and to balance the usage of our websites on all ConnectOre web servers.\nTracking cookies, third-party cookies, and other technologies such as web beacons may be used to process additional information, enable non-core functionalities on ConnectOre website and enable third-party functions (such as a social media \"share\" link). We may also include web beacons and other similar technology in promotional email messages to determine whether the messages have been opened.\n\n#### Do Not Track (DNT)\n\nThe online advertising industry has self-regulatory initiatives designed to provide consumers a choice in the types of ads they may see online and to conveniently opt-out from online behavioral ads served by some or all of the companies participating in these programs. Our websites do not respond to DNT consumer browser settings.\n\n#### Responses to legal requests\n\nConnectOre reserves the right to share your information to respond to duly authorized information requests of governmental authorities or where required by law.\n\n#### Your data rights\n\nConnectOre complies with all applicable data privacy laws and regulations including, but not limited to, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). Under these laws and regulations, you may have certain rights to your data. Should you wish to exercise any of these rights, please send an email request to john.fennell@copper.com.au with \"Data Privacy Request'' in the subject line and in the email please identify the specific privacy right you request assistance with. Please note additional information may be requested prior to fulfilling a request and that ConnectOre reserves the right to charge a fee, where permitted, to cover the cost of certain requests.\n\n#### How do I contact you if there is an issue?\nIf you have any questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy or about the use of your personal information, please feel free to contact us by email at john.fennell@copper.com.au"},"welcomeUrl":"https://connectore.org/app/welcome","welcomeTitle":"Welcome to ConnectOre and thanks for joining us! ","invitationAction":"join the ConnectOre community","setupCompletionMessage":null,"languages":[],"brandColors":[],"showLogin":true,"showShareMenu":null,"showFollowMenu":true,"showPlatformLogin":null,"showContactUs":null,"loginLabel":"Explorer Login","platformLoginLabel":"Community Platform","headerButtons":[]},"includeProfile":true,"disableProfileEditing":false,"dynamicEntityTypeNames":["Person","Organisation"],"profilePath":"/app/profile","welcomePath":"/app/welcome","id":"6ace000afcacd151a46ba34b","slug":"emission-reporting-an-overview-and-update-for-copper-producers","entityPath":"/posts/emission-reporting-an-overview-and-update-for-copper-producers","openGraph":{},"entityTypeName":"Post","name":"Emission Reporting - An Overview and Update for Copper Producers","__type":"Post"}},
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